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Template:Infobox Film

Platoon is a 1986 Vietnam war film, written and directed by Oliver Stone and starring Charlie Sheen, Tom Berenger and Willem Dafoe. The story is loosely based on Stone's experiences as an Army combat infantryman in Vietnam, and was written by him upon his return as a counter to the vision of the war portrayed in John Wayne's The Green Berets. The film won the Academy Award for Best Picture of 1986.

Contents 1 Plot 2 Reception 3 Other production information 4 Characters 5 Awards and nominations 6 Other portrayals 7 Music 8 External links

[edit] Plot

A young US Army soldier, Private Chris Taylor (Charlie Sheen) arrives in South Vietnam with several other replacements and is assigned to the 25th Infantry Division, (which had a very successful combat record in Vietnam). Along with fellow soldier Private Gardner, he joins an experienced infantry platoon that has suffered in recent combat operations. As he steps off the plane upon arrival in Vietnam, he sees the seasoned veterans who have just finished their tours of duty, (with the "Thousand Yard Stare" fully developed), taunting the new guys as they board a transport plane home.

His enthusiasm quickly evaporates as he goes on endless patrols all day and, as a new guy, is assigned to dig foxholes and do other arduous tasks.

On his first night-time ambush patrol, his unit is set upon by a squad of North Vietnamese Army (NVA) troops who walk into the squad's ambush position. The soldier meant to be on guard duty (Junior) has fallen asleep. Private Gardner dies from a hand grenade thrown by Sgt. Red O'Neil (John C. McGinley), who threw the grenade and missed (Stone explains this in the commentary for Platoon special edition). Private Taylor is grazed in the neck.

As Chris recovers from his wound — a rite of passage that grants him greater social contact with his platoon mates — he reveals in dialogue that he dropped out of college to volunteer for service in Vietnam (Stone himself had dropped out of Yale twice). He states that he felt college was leading him nowhere and that it was unfair that lower-class youths had to carry the burden of the fighting in Vietnam, while rich kids could avoid the draft. His new friends among the more seasoned troops introduce him to the "Underworld", a bunker converted into a pseudo-nightclub, where they smoke marijuana and opium, drink beer and dance with each other to soul music.

After returning to field duty, Chris sees more combat and, during another patrol, a bunker complex is discovered. (In real life, the 25th Division encountered tunnel complexes at Cu Chi much like the ones in the film.) During the examination of a campfire left by the enemy, two soldiers are mortally wounded by a booby trap. After leaving the bunker complex area, the soldiers come across another member of their unit, Manny, who has been snatched from his guard duty, tied to a post and mutilated.

Reaching a nearby village several kilometers north of the bunker with a belief that the enemy was spotted there, the platoon discovers food and weapons caches. This scene is loosely based on the true events surrounding My Lai. The villagers insist they were given no choice by the VC. The troops, tired and angry because of the deaths of some of their comrades, take out their frustrations on the village, murdering and torturing several civilians. Staff Sgt. Barnes kills a woman while interrogating her husband. The platoon burns the village and leaves, with a final scene depicting the gang rape of a teenage girl (which Chris stops).

Sgt. Elias, (Willem Dafoe) having witnessed Staff Sgt. Barnes' (Tom Berenger) and Lt. Wolfe's (Mark Moses) illegal actions, attacks Barnes and then puts the two men on report to their Captain. Chris, having originally admired Barnes, now finds his loyalties leaning towards Elias, while Barnes' supporters talk of fragging Elias to prevent him from acting as an eyewitness in a formal report about the illegal killings.

Much of the film's theme is a struggle for Chris' soul, with the competing father-like figures of Barnes and Elias. Barnes is shown in the film to be brutal and unethical, but is also a formidable soldier on whom the entire platoon depends for survival. Indeed the Platoon leader, Lt. Wolfe, allows Barnes to be the de facto leader. Elias is openly depicted as a Christ-like figure; for example, we first see him climbing a hill, an M60 machinegun across his shoulders, with his arms in a crucifixion-like pose. When Chris faints on his first patrol, Elias caries some of his gear for him, and is the only NCO to offer him any advice. Both NCOs are shown to be experienced, efficient soldiers. The film can be seen as a war for the heart and soul of Taylor and the rest of the unit. While the ostensible enemy was the North Vietnamese Army, Taylor finds himself immersed in a struggle between two veteran sergeants: pragmatic and brutal Barnes and idealistic and ethical Elias. Early in the film, Barnes is the dominant character, winning Chris' admiration. By mid-film, he is beginning to side with the more sensitive Elias.

On yet another patrol, the platoon is ambushed and suffers casualties. Lt. Wolfe fails to take charge as the platoon suffers losses. Sgt. Elias, correctly anticipating an enemy flanking attack, suggests a flanking ambush to counter the threat. Although Wolfe is skeptical, Barnes agrees to the plan. Elias and three other men including Pvt. Taylor move around the fighting to try to intercept the flanking NVA troops. Meanwhile, the inexperienced and incompetent Lt. Wolfe ends up calling in an artillery barrage "danger close" to his own men. Along with the heavy fighting, many wounded are needing attention and Barnes calls for them to pull back. This action leaves Elias and his three troops unsupported.

While the rest of the platoon retreats to its landing zone to be airlifted out of the combat area, Barnes goes back into the combat area, ostensibly to get Elias and his three men out. Barnes orders Taylor and the two others back to the landing zone, telling them that he will get Elias himself. However, instead of bringing Elias back, Barnes ambushes and shoots him.

Barnes then returns to the platoon. When Taylor asks where Elias is, Barnes tells him he is dead. During the extraction by helicopter, however, the entire platoon sees Elias alive, badly wounded and running away from the pursuing North Vietnamese. He dies, again in a Christ-like pose, in an open field after being shot several more times by the North Vietnamese troops.

Taylor now suspects that Barnes caused Elias' death, and begins talking to his fellow soldiers about killing Barnes in retaliation. As a result there is a confrontation between Taylor and Barnes in the bunker.

The Company is sent back into the area, and builds defensive positions to bait the NVA. It had been discovered that an entire NVA infantry regiment is on the move south down the Ho Chi Minh Trail. This final battle ends with the obliteration of nearly the entire platoon, including Lt. Wolfe, due to the heavy NVA attack and a US aerial napalm attack.

The climactic scenes of the film see the platoon defending against a night attack, with chaotic fighting in which many of the troops are killed or wounded. The surviving Chris, regaining consciousness at dawn, finds himself wounded and surrounded by bodies. He takes an AK-47 rifle from a dead NVA soldier and wanders around, aimlessly. The choice of an AK (an enemy weapon) symbolises the platoon's confusion over the true enemy. Indeed, Chris walks past and ignores a wounded but potentially dangerous NVA soldier (in the background), suggesting that now Chris is focused on exacting revenge on Sgt. Barnes. Eventually he finds the wounded Barnes.

Barnes demands that Chris call a medic but Chris does not budge, and instead keeps the rifle trained on Barnes. With a sneering sense of fatalism, Barnes says "Do it." Chris shoots Barnes three times in the chest, killing him. One of the few other survivors of the platoon is Pvt. Francis, who emerges from a bunker and is seemingly horrified to find that he lived through the battle and will therefore be obliged to continue his tour of duty. He grabs a knife and stabs himself in the thigh.

An interesting detail to note is that when he is finally rescued after the final battle of the film Chris drops an object. This is a hand grenade, because Charlie Sheen thought that the character would, at this time, be suicidal.

The injured Chris is reunited with Francis and the two are airlifted from the battlefield. The voiceover of the final scene suggests Chris Taylor is going home to the US, profoundly affected and significantly changed as a person. He states that those who survive have an obligation to those who died there, and meditates on his life as a product of two fathers, Barnes and Elias.

Template:Endspoiler

[edit] Reception

The film received highly positive reviews with the review tallying website rottentomatoes.com reporting that 34 out of the 38 reviews they tallied were positive for a score of 89% and a certification of "fresh".<ref>rottentomatoes.com, Platoon entry, retrieved January 13, 2007 </ref>

Critics both praised and criticised Platoon for its uncompromising presentation of the brutal violence seen in the war and moral ambiguity created by the realities of guerilla war, when unit leaders have to make a choice between saving the lives of their own men and taking those of suspected guerilla sympathisers.

It shows some US soldiers as violent and indiscriminate killers: fueled by rage at seeing their friends killed and maimed by booby traps, they take their anger out on villagers who were found hiding a cache of firearms, killing and torturing Vietnamese villagers and setting their village on fire. The film has been banned in Vietnam mostly due to these scenes and the negative portrayal of the Vietnamese.

The film shows many controversial aspects of the war in Vietnam, such as drug abuse, the stigma placed on new recruits by older and more experienced soldiers (known as the FNG syndrome), deliberate killing of unpopular officers by soldiers (known as fragging), and others.

Platoon's release was timely. During the mid-1980s there was a softening of attitudes towards Vietnam veterans (which had taken over ten years, since last American soldiers pulled out of Vietnam in 1973. Saigon fell in 1975). Perhaps sparked by the dedication of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington DC, in 1982, Hollywood suddenly saw a small surge in films related to the war.

[edit] Other production information

Platoon was filmed on the island of Luzon in the Philippines between March and May of 1986.

The director, Oliver Stone, makes a cameo as the Battalion commander in the final battle. When the command bunker is blown up by an NVA sapper, his character is presumably killed.

The song played throughout the film is called Adagio for Strings by Samuel Barber

[edit] Characters

Platoon focuses attention on a infantry platoon of 30 men plus their immediate superior (Captain Harris). They are organised into three squads led by Sgt. Elias, Sgt. O'Neil and Sgt. Warren. It is possible to work out which squads some of the soldiers are in but it is guess work for the rest of them. Unless stated otherwise the character uses an M16 rifle and holds the rank of Private.

Chris Taylor (Charlie Sheen) is a 19-20 year old rookie Private, and the protagonist of the film whose thoughts are sometimes provided in voice-over narration. His family is described as being a traditional upper-middle class American family. His grandfather and father fought in World War I and World War II, respectively. Chris had a stable, suburban life but after some time in college, felt it unfair to be exempt from service due to his school attendance, while the poor who can't afford higher education are sent off to fight. Feeling he's not learning anything substantive, he drops out and volunteers for the infantry and deployment to Vietnam. During the film, he becomes part of the "Underworld" after being befriended by King.

Staff Sergeant Robert Barnes (Tom Berenger) is a hardened, ruthless, and determined platoon sergeant who believes in what he is doing and cares about his men, but gives little regard to conventions of warfare or authority of superiors. Drinks alcohol to excess, but does not smoke marijuana - US soldiers in Vietnam described the former as a "juicer" and the latter as a "head." He is armed with a CAR-15 and a Colt 1911, which he lends to Elias when he explores the tunnels under the bunker complex.

Sergeant Elias (Willem Dafoe) is a more compassionate sergeant and squad leader who leads by example and has become, over three tours of combat duty in Vietnam, less and less enthusiastic about the war. He is most respected by the "Underworld" regulars, but is seen as a "do-gooder" and "crusader" by Barnes' clique. During the film, Elias is ambushed and shot in cold blood by Barnes after threatening to report him for war crimes. He is armed with a CAR-15. His character also has possible references to Christ. Examples include his being referred to as a "water-walker" by Barnes, his overall postive nature during the horrible war, his death by betrayal and even his position when killed, recalling the crufixion.

Sergeant "Red" O'Neill (John C. McGinley) is a lifer and squad leader who recognises Barnes as the actual power in the platoon and is very loyal to him, he sees him as a way to keep himself alive. He is war-weary and at the point of feeling no shame in requesting relief from combat duty. He is made platoon leader by Captain Harris after the final battle, in which both Lt. Wolfe and SSG Barnes are killed.

Sergeant Warren (Tony Todd) is a squad leader and morphine addict. He is wounded along with Lerner in the battle by the church. His primary concern seems to be letting Barnes lead him as he thinks he holds the key to his survival, even if this means letting innocents be killed along the way. Presumably the drug has clouded his judgement. A major scene of his depicting him shooting up on Morphine was cut from the finished film but does appear in the draft script.

Lieutenant Wolfe (Mark Moses) is an Ohio University graduate who establishes only shallow relationships with his men. He is inept at giving or receiving orders, cannot read a map (which results in a disastrous friendly fire artillery barrage), cedes control of the platoon to Barnes and by the end of the film exclaims, "I just don't give a flying fuck anymore." In the final battle in a very dark scene he is forced to hold and fight by Cpt. Harris but unfortunately for him is blinded by a grenade explosion and then shot through the chest. He is armed with a CAR-15.

Rhah (Francesco Quinn) is the King of the underworld "heads" and a friend of Elias, he also respects Barnes' fighting ability and realises if Taylor attempted to kill Barnes would only bring more trouble upon himself. After the death of Elias he takes over as a Squad Leader. He is the last character seen by Taylor at the end of the film. He is a talented in carpentry and an opium smoker.

King (Keith David) is a poorly educated yet understanding and combat experienced soldier who befriends Taylor. King receives permission to leave before the final battle and bids the platoon, "Good-bye, motherfuckers!!" He is armed with an M60 Machine Gun

Junior Martin (Reggie Johnson) is a black radical who believes that all white people are responsible for all of the problems of his people. He resents the war so much that he does everything he can to avoid fighting, for example drinking contaminated river water in hopes of catching malaria and putting insect repellent on his bare feet to fake trench foot as well as simply retreating from his foxhole. He falls asleep while on watch during the disastrous first skirmish and blames it on Taylor. He is not part of the "underworld", but isn't part of Barnes' inner circle either. He forms an unlikely friendship with Bunny but he tries to distance himself from him when he realises he's a psychopath. He is bayoneted repeatedly in the stomach and then is blown away by an NVA soldier, after running away during the final battle.

Big Harold (Forest Whitaker) is a large, friendly soldier who spends his downtime in the bunker socialising in the "Underworld." He loses a leg from a Viet Cong booby trap as he tries to find cover during the artillery barrage called in by Lieutenant Wolfe. He is seen being loaded onto a medevac helicopter still conscious.

Bunny (Kevin Dillon) is a gung-ho, brash and unstable nineteen year old who is a great admirer of Barnes' and who has little regard for Vietnamese "dinks", allied or enemy. He is a fan of the Indy 500 and Daniel Boone, which he wears a racoon tale on the back of his helmet. To some extent he is a 'redneck' caricature. He could also be seen as a murderer. He is seen armed with a Remington 870 shotgun. In the final battle, while claiming to be Audie Murphy, Bunny gets distracted by Junior's retreat and a NVA soldier shoots him to the ground and then jams his AK47 in his mouth and blows his brains out.

Francis (Corey Glover) is another one of the underground "heads" who becomes good friends with Taylor. The two fight together in the final battle in the same foxhole. He survives the battle without being wounded, but deliberately stabs himself in the thigh the following morning to get sent home.

Doc Paul Gomez (Paul Sanchez) is one of Taylor's friends serves as the platoon medic, he does not take sides until Elias is killed, even then imploring Taylor to "let military justice" take care of Barnes. He is shot during the final battle after losing Parker and losing his cool. After shooting a pair of NVA, he takes a bullet in the side and another in the neck.

"Gator" Lerner (Johnny Depp) is the platoons interpreter and part of the "heads" underworld. He is the point man during the patrol in which Elias dies, and is shot several times, but survives after Taylor rescues him. In a deleted scene, Lerner is revealed to know lots about Barnes' and Elias' history. In this scene he also talks about having returned home at least once (and perhaps is serving a second tour) and is frustrated at his inability to relate to civilians. He holds the rank of Spec 4.

Crawford (Chris Pederson) is a Californian surfer and friend of Chris Taylor and King, he is one of three men (along with Chris and Rhah) that go with Elias. He is wounded in this battle and is carried to safety by Chris and Rhah. He is Sgt. Elias' RTO and holds the rank of Spec 4. He smokes marijuana.

Tony Hoyt (Ivan Kane) is a soldier well-known for his moustache. He is wounded during the final battle of the film, but survives and is seen sitting next to Ebenhoch, waving to Taylor as he leaves Vietnam. He is Ssg. Barnes RTO.

"Sandy" Sanderson (J. Adam Glover) Sandy was a friend of Sergeant O'Neil and a bully, he puts King on report for stealing beers and also makes him, Taylor and Crawford clean out the latrines. He is killed along with Sal when he shifts an ammo crate of booby trapped intel, this is not before he staggers around with both arms blown off. Sanderson is armed with an M79 grenade launcher (Blooper) and holds the Spec 4 rank.

Sal (Richard Edson) Sal was a very jumpy trooper, who smoked cigars. He dies in the same explosion that kills Sanderson and nearly averts it by telling him that they should leave and not touch anything.

Tex (David Neidorf) is a headstrong Texan soldier who detests new replacement soldiers, he is wounded by friendly fire and loses a hand, from a grenade carelessly tossed by Sgt. O'Neil, in the same night firefight that Gardner dies in. He uses an M60 machine gun.

Morehouse (Kevin Eshelman) is a man who participates in the village rape, and is killed by the first friendly fire of the church battle. He inherits the M60 machine gun from Tex after his hand is blown off. One of the most memorable lines in the film is when he says to Taylor after he stops the rape: "Ya fuckin' lame fuck!"

Gardner (Bob Orwig) is another rookie who arrives in the platoon at the same time as Taylor, and dies on the first night ambush after standing up in the firefight. He is mocked by the other men for his obesity. He buys hippie paraphenalia in an attempt to fit in. Back where he lives he has an equally obese girlfriend named "Lucy Jean."

Manny (Corkey Ford) is another regular of the underworld. Manny had a particularly good singing voice, which made him popular amongst the "heads". He was captured by the Viet Cong while away from the platoon during the attack on the bunker complex. They tied him to a post and cut his throat and pinned a Chieu Hoi surrender pamphlet to his chest. His death was one of the immediate catalysts for the atrocities committed in the village.

Ace (James Terry McIlvan) is Lieutenant Wolfe's Radio-Telephone Operator (RTO) who also sides with Barnes. Ace is wounded by shell fragments from friendly artillery fire in the battle by the church.

Rodriguez (Chris Castillejo) is a soldier who is very religious and quiet. Rodriguez is seen boarding the same helicopter Taylor boards at the end of the film, apparently unhurt. Lt. Wolfe tells King to leave his M60 machine gun for Rodriguez to use in the final battle, although we don't actually see him using it.

Tubbs (Andrew B. Clark) is part of Barnes' faction of the platoon. Like Morehouse, his chief goal seems to be to make Barnes like him. He is killed off camera in the Church ambush battle, however we do briefly see his body underneath one of the four tarpaulins when a Huey's rotors blow them off (the other bodies being Morehouse, Flash and Fu Sheng). He is armed with an M79 grenade launcher.

Fu Sheng (Steve Barredo) is a Hawaiian soldier. He was off on R & R with Moorhouse, when Barnes wanted there squad to go on patrol O'Neil tried to use it as an excuse to get his squad out of it. Barnes excused his squad but still ordered O'Neil to go out with Elias, as he needed veterans out their to help out with the rookies (Taylor and Gardner). He is seen briefly in the film and is killed by an artillery round during the battle in which Elias is killed. He is also seen sat 'on guard' outside the "Heads" bunker. He was Sgt. O'Neils RTO.

Ebenhoch (Mark Ebenhoch) is part of the underworld, seen partying with the "heads" early in the film and is sitting with Taylor, King, Rhah and others during the Barnes "What do you all know about death?" scene. He seems to be the platoons demo expert as Barnes instructs him to wire up and detonate the weapons they discover in the village. He is seen waving to Taylor with Tony at the end of the film. He is Sgt. Warrens RTO. He was played by one of the films Assistant Technical Advisors.

Parker (Peter Hicks) Is another quiet member of the platoon. He briefly appears in the village scene and is sat next to Tubbs who is throwing a knife into the floor while Lt. Wolfe is doing his meet and greet rounds. He is seen being dragged dead into a bunker by Doc during the final battle.

Flash (Basile Achara)) This actor has a blink and you'll miss it part. He is one of the 'Heads' and can be seen partying with them. He also acts as Cpt. Harris' RTO when they are on Patrol at the beginning of the film. He is killed in the Church Ambush scene and can be seen lying dead when Taylor moves up to rescue Lerner. You also see him lying dead when Doc is working on Lerner later.

Huffmeister(Robert "Rock" Galotti) He like Ebenhoch was also an Assistant Technical Director on the film who doubled up as a platoon member. He can be seen in the village scene throwing a grenade down a well and is also stood behind Sergeant O'Neil when he is promoted to Platoon Sergeant by Captain Harris after the final battle.

Captain Harris (Dale Dye) is the Company Commander, Lt. Wolfe's immediate superior and not a member of the platoon. He is highly critical of the incompetent and inexperienced Wolfe, and is seen to be calm under fire. However, he requires both Barnes and Elias to continue serving together in the same platoon after receiving Elias' war crimes report. In the film's final battle, after the death of the Battalion commander (played by Oliver Stone), he calls in the air strike on the Battalion's defensive position. He is played by the films Chief Technical Advisor Dale Dye, who himself served in the Vietnam War. He is armed with a CAR-15. Template:Endspoiler

[edit] Awards and nominations

• Winner of the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Film Editing, and Best Sound.

• Nominated for Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Tom Berenger), Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Willem Dafoe), Best Cinematography and Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen.

[edit] Other portrayals

• A novelization was written by Dale Dye as a tie-in to the film.
• A wargame was produced by Avalon Hill as an introductory game to attract young persons back to the wargaming hobby. The Platoon game was a direct film tie-in as well.
• A video game was released as a tie-in by Sunsoft for the NES as well as other systems.

[edit] Music

Various audio samples from the movie can be heard in the Ministry song Flashback on their highly influential album The Land of Rape and Honey

[edit] External links

• Platoon at the Internet Movie Database
• Official Site
• skyjude — film legends
• Pauline Kael on Oliver Stone's Platoon

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